Carbohydrates

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Carbohydrates are a major source for energy for the body, also helps maintain cell and generates heat. Each gram of carbohydrates has 4 calories. There are two types of carbohydrates, simple and complex.

Simple Carbohydrates: Often called sugar, has little nutritional value.

  • Monosaccharides: The simplest from of sugar, has one molecule.
  • Glucose: Natural sugar found in food, also produced by the body from other food.
  • Fructose: fruit sugar
  • Maltose: sugar found in grains
  • Galactose: Made from milk sugar
    • Disaccharides: contains two molecules (Two monosaccharides)
  • Sucrose: Table sugar
  • Lactose: Milk sugar (Glucose + Galactose)
  • Maltose: (Two glucose molecules)
    • Foods with simple carbohydrates:
  • Table sugar
  • Honey
  • Fruit
  • Candy
  • Chocolate
  • Some dairy products
  • Complex Carbohydrates (also called polysaccharides): anywhere from 10 to thousands of disaccharides linked together from starch, glycogen, and fiber.

    • Starch:
  • Stored form of glucose from plants
  • Found in grains, seeds, corn, nuts, roots, potatoes, rice, legumes, cereals
    • Fiber:
  • From leaves, skin, roots, and seeds from plants
  • Two types:
  • Soluble: Dissolves in water
  • Insoluble: doesn’t dissolve in water easily, not digested.
  • Helps decrease risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, ect
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